A Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) is a specialized medium liquid, gas, or phase change material used to absorb thermal energy from a heat source and transport it efficiently to a heat sink, power conversion
system, or thermal storage unit.
While the fundamental physics of heat convection remain the same across all three sectors, the operating temperatures, pressures, and chemical compatibility requirements vary between Geothermal, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), and Nuclear engineering.
High-Temperature & Advanced Working Fluids (Batch 1)
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1. High-Pressure Inert Gases (Helium)
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2. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2)
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3. Liquid Metals (Sodium / NaK / Lead-Bismuth)
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4. Molten Salts (Hitec XL / Solar Salt / Chlorides)
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5. Synthetic Aromatics (Therminol VP-1)
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6. Specialty Hydrocarbons (MultiTherm / Dynalene)
Low to mid Temperatures Industrial Workhorses (Batch 2)
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7. Silicone Polymers (Syltherm HF)
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8. Mineral Oils (Paratherm HE)
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9. Water / Steam
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10. Engineered Nanofluids
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11. ORC Refrigerants / HFOs (R-1233zd)
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12. Pentane / Butane / Isopentane
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13. Glycol-Water Solutions (Propylene Glycol)
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14. Geothermal Brine (Salmuera)
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